建筑用电缆阻燃耐火与燃烧性能标准对比及选型优化
Standard Comparison and Selection Optimization of Flame Retardant, Fire Resistant and Combustion performance for Building Cables
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摘要: 为深入分析建筑用电缆阻燃耐火特性与燃烧性能标准,对不同标准进行对比研究,以期为电缆选型提供科学依据,提升建筑电气系统的防火安全性。采用文献综述与案例分析相结合的方法,对GB/T 19666—2019、GB 31247—2014、GA 306.1—2007等标准进行系统对比。研究发现,各标准在燃烧温度、燃烧时间、火焰蔓延距离、烟气毒性、滴落物及产烟量等关键性能指标上存在显著差异。基于此,提出针对不同建筑类型、火灾风险等级及敷设环境的电缆选型优化建议,如超高层建筑应优先选择阻燃耐火特性更高的电缆,而大型公共建筑则需要重点关注烟气毒性等级。上述优化建议有助于降低火灾风险,优化工程成本结构,提高设计选型效率,为建筑用电缆的合理选型提供重要指导和实践参考。Abstract: In order to deeply analyze the flame retardant and fire resistant properties and combustion performance standards of building electrical cables, a comparative study of different standards was carried out by comparing different standards to improve the fire safety of building electrical systems. A combination of literature review and case analysis was used to systematically compare major standards such as GB/T 19666—2019, GB 31247—2014, and GA 306.1—2007. Results showed that there were significant differences in key indicators such as combustion temperature, combustion time, flame spread distance, smoke toxicity, dripping, and smoke production among various standards. Based on this, recommendations of cable selection optimization were proposed for different building types, fire risk levels, and laying environments. For example, super high-rise buildings should prioritize cables with higher fire resistance, and large public buildings need to focus on smoke toxicity levels. These recommendations are helpful to reduce fire risks, optimize project costs, improve efficiency of design selection, and provide essential guidance and practical reference for scientific selection of building electrical cables.
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