Abstract: In order to deeply analyze the flame retardant and fire resistant properties and combustion performance standards of building electrical cables, a comparative study of different standards was carried out by comparing different standards to improve the fire safety of building electrical systems. A combination of literature review and case analysis was used to systematically compare major standards such as GB/T 19666—2019, GB 31247—2014, and GA 306.1—2007. Results showed that there were significant differences in key indicators such as combustion temperature, combustion time, flame spread distance, smoke toxicity, dripping, and smoke production among various standards. Based on this, recommendations of cable selection optimization were proposed for different building types, fire risk levels, and laying environments. For example, super high-rise buildings should prioritize cables with higher fire resistance, and large public buildings need to focus on smoke toxicity levels. These recommendations are helpful to reduce fire risks, optimize project costs, improve efficiency of design selection, and provide essential guidance and practical reference for scientific selection of building electrical cables.