Abstract: As an important channel for modern building energy transmission, insulation status of building power supply and distribution cable is directly related to the safe and stable operation of the building power supply and distribution system. Various methods for detection and evaluation of insulation status of building power supply and distribution cable were reviewed in this paper, including traditional testing technologies, modern intelligent detection technologies and comprehensive evaluation models, which provided theoretical support and practical guidance for improving the insulation management level of building power supply and distribution cable, and offered valuable references for scholars and engineers in related fields.