8030铝合金单线成分及加工工艺对性能的影响

    Effect of Composition and Processing on Properties of 8030 Aluminum Alloy Single Wire

    • 摘要: 针对GB/T 31840系列标准中铝合金导体绞合后单线性能(抗拉强度在98~159 N·mm−2之间,反复弯曲次数不小于25次)不达标的问题,文中系统探讨了8030铝合金的化学成分(Cu、Fe的质量分数)及加工工艺对其相关性能的影响。结果表明:①微量Cu(质量分数为0.16%~0.22%)的添加可提升抗拉强度,但会导致反复弯曲次数显著劣化(下降30%以上);Fe的增加虽然能够提高抗拉强度,但会影响材料的加工性能;②在温度为380 ℃时,保温时间过长(大于6 h)会因晶粒长大和脆性相偏聚降低反复弯曲次数,而中铁低铜(Fe 和Cu的质量分数分别为0.60%和 0.16%)结合3 h退火工艺可实现导体端头绞合后单线抗拉强度与弯曲性能的协同达标;③紧压导体绞合后单线外观的变化,导致抗拉强度变小。该研究可为铝合金导体的成分设计、退火工艺及生产控制提供理论依据与实践指导。

       

      Abstract: Regarding the issue of non-compliance with the performance of single wires (tensile strength ranging from 98 N·mm−2 to 159 N·mm−2 and number of repeated bending being not less than 25) after stranding of aluminum alloy conductors in GB/T 31840 series standards, influence of chemical composition (mass fractions of Cu, Fe) and processing technology of 8030 aluminum alloy on its relevant properties was systematically investigated. Results showed that the addition of Cu (mass fractions of 0.16%~0.22%) could enhance tensile strength but significantly deteriorate number of repeated bending (a reduction of over 30%). Increasing mass fractions of Fe could improve tensile strength but adversely affect material workability. Prolonged annealing (holding hour greater than 6 h) at 380 °C could reduce number of repeated bending due to grain growth and brittle phase segregation. However, an optimized composition with medium-Fe low-Cu (mass fractions of 0.60% Fe and 0.16% Cu) combined with a 3-hour annealing process could achieve a balanced compliance in both tensile strength and number of repeated bending for stranded conductor wires. Besides, changes in surface morphology of compacted conductor strands after stranding could lead to a decrease in tensile strength. The research could provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for composition design, annealing process optimization, and production control of aluminum alloy conductors.

       

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