10 kV/10 kA超导直流电缆设计及其电磁特性分析

    Design and Electromagnetic Characterization of 10 kV/10 kA Superconducting DC Cables

    • 摘要: 与传统输电方式相比,超导直流输电使用第二代高温超导带材,可以在无电阻、小体积的情况下实现大容量电能输送,为未来电网建设提供了一种重要思路。针对大容量电力输送需求,以10 kV/10 kA超导直流电缆作为研究对象,详细介绍了高温超导直流电缆设计过程,分析了电缆的等效电路方程,明确电缆导体各层结构参数。以此为基础,建立超导直流电缆的3D电磁模型,分析每层超导带材的平行磁场与垂直磁场分布,探究超导带材的电磁特性,结合超导带材各向异性磁场对临界电流的影响,计算出每层超导带材中由磁场所导致的临界电流衰减,评估超导直流电缆的通流能力。最后,研制了一根长度为5 m的10 kV/10 kA正负极同轴构型超导直流电缆样缆,并开展通流测试与绝缘测试。测试结果表明,样缆的各项技术指标满足设计要求。

       

      Abstract: Compared with traditional power transmission methods, superconducting DC transmission—by utilizing second-generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes as conductors—enables large-capacity power delivery with zero resistance and compact size, offering a promising approach for future power grid development. This paper addressed the demand for high-capacity power transmission by focusing on 10 kV/10 kA superconducting DC cables. It provided a detailed description of the cable design process, analyzed the equivalent circuit equations, and defined the structural parameters of each conductor layer. Based on this, a 3D electromagnetic model of superconducting DC cable was established to compute the parallel and perpendicular magnetic field distributions on each HTS layer. Electromagnetic characteristics of the superconducting tape were investigated, and the critical current degradation due to magnetic field anisotropy of HTS tape was calculated. This enabled the assessment of current-carrying capability of the superconducting DC cable. A 5-meter-long 10 kV/10 kA superconducting DC cable prototype was fabricated, and current-carrying and insulation tests were conducted. The results demonstrated that the prototype met all the specified design requirements.

       

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