Abstract: To clarify core differences between Class A non-combustible cables and flame-retardant Class A cables, a comparative analysis of their structural design, product and test standards, and application sites was conducted to provide guidance for engineering selection. Results indicated their distinct emphases on fire performance: Class A non-combustible cables required that gross calorific potential was below 2.0 MJ·kg⁻¹, concentrating on maintaining circuit integrity and functionality under fire conditions; flame-retardant Class A cables required that carbonization height was below 2.5 m in bunched combustion tests, concentrating on inhibiting vertical flame spread. It was concluded that cable selection should be based on project standards, site fire risk, occupant density, and code requirements. Besides, Class A non-combustible cables were suitable for extremely high-risk scenarios such as fire protection and safety-critical systems, while flame-retardant Class A cables were applicable for main circuits in areas with high fire risk and high occupant density.