Abstract: Annealing is the core heat treatment process in cable conductor production, which significantly affects the conductivity and flexibility of metals by regulating their microstructure. This article focuses on pure copper, aluminum alloys, and typical composite conductors, and systematically conducts experimental research under different annealing process conditions. Combining microstructure characterization and macroscopic performance testing, the influence of annealing temperature, holding time, and cooling rate on conductivity and flexibility is analyzed. The results indicate that the recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth stages during annealing can effectively eliminate dislocations and internal stresses, reduce electron scattering, and improve conductivity; Simultaneously optimizing grain size and texture significantly improves flexibility. Further research proposes a synergistic optimization strategy for conductivity and flexibility, which is applicable to new energy cables, robot cables, etc., providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the process design of high-performance cable conductors, and is of great significance for improving the adaptability of cables in fields such as ultra-high voltage transmission and new energy.