温度循环老化对航空电缆绝缘热解动力学的影响
The impact of temperature cycling aging on the pyrolysis kinetics of aviation cables
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摘要: 航空电缆长期处于频繁冷热交替的服役环境,绝缘层易发生热-机械耦合劣化。针对这一问题,以航空电缆绝缘为研究对象,构建−50~200 °C的温度循环老化工况,累计180次循环,每60次循环后取样开展热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TGA)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)测试,并采用等转化率Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose方法(简称KAS法)计算表观活化能(Ea),用以表征绝缘老化过程中热解动力学的演化。TGA结果表明,Ea随循环次数的增加呈递减趋势,即未老化试样平均Ea为296.99 kJ·mol−1,温度循环老化60次、120次、180次后的Ea分别为284.23、262.45、253.47 kJ·mol−1,这表明温度循环使热解启动能垒降低、热稳定性减弱。FTIR结果表明,CF2相关特征峰强度随老化减弱,与主链C–F键断裂及化学结构降解相一致。综上,在文中所研究的工况下,温度循环老化显著削弱绝缘的热稳定性,可为航空电缆老化评估与防护策略制定提供试验依据。Abstract: Aircraft electrical wiring is exposed to frequent thermal cycling during service, which can induce thermomechanical degradation of the insulation. the insulation of aircraft feeder cables was subjected to thermal cycles between −50 °C and 200 °C (180 total cycles), with specimens sampled every 60 cycles for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The isoconversional Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method was used to determine the apparent activation energy (Ea) as a kinetic descriptor of aging-induced changes in pyrolysis. Ea decreased monotonically with cycle count: 296.99 kJ·mol−1 for the unaged sample, falling to 284.23, 262.45, and 253.47 kJ·mol−1 after 60, 120, and 180 cycles, respectively, indicating a lowered energetic barrier for thermal decomposition and diminished thermal stability. Consistently, FTIR spectra show attenuation of –CF2– bands with aging, consistent with C–F bond scission along backbone and associated chemical degradation. These results demonstrate that thermal cycling under the present conditions significantly compromises the thermal stability of insulation, providing an experimental basis for aging assessment and protective strategies for aircraft wiring.
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