大截面型线铜导体混绞结构设计、制造与工艺控制

    Design, Manufacturing, and Process Control of Large-Section Shaped Wire Copper Conductor Stranding Structure

    • 摘要: 针对大截面铜导体制造中传统圆线绞合填充系数低、全梯形线绞合设备门槛高及梯形线规格过多的问题,本文提出一种圆线-梯形线混合绞制导体结构。通过几何建模,确定了以7根圆形铜线为中心层、邻内层、邻外层采用统一规格梯形铜线的结构模型。模拟结果显示,该结构紧压系数可达0.97~0.98。以300 mm2和400 mm2铜导体为例,详细阐述了梯形线规格选型、紧压模具配比、节径比优化(邻内层23~30、外层14~16)及拉丝退火(伸长率34%~37%)等关键工艺参数。实测表明,300 mm2和400 mm2混合结构导体的平均直流电阻裕度分别为0.40%和0.37%,单位长度质量较传统圆线导体分别降低1.87%和3.06%,与全梯形铜导体相当。生产混绞结构铜导体2024年生产混绞结构铜导体累计节约铜材63.13 t。与全梯形线方案相比,梯形线规格减少60%,可采用54盘三段框绞机生产,绞制换模时间缩短20%。该混合绞制结构在保证直流电阻满足GB/T 3956—2008标准的前提下,实现了高填充率、低成本、高效率的工程目标。

       

      Abstract: To address the issues of low filling coefficients in traditional round wire stranding, high equipment requirements for full trapezoidal wire stranding, and excessive trapezoidal wire specifications in the manufacturing of large-section copper conductors, this paper proposes a hybrid round-trapezoidal wire stranded conductor structure. Through geometric modeling, a structural model was established with seven round copper wires as the central layer and uniform trapezoidal copper wire specifications for the adjacent inner and outer layers. Simulation results indicate that this structure achieves a compaction coefficient of 0.97~0.98. Taking 300 mm2 and 400 mm2 copper conductors as examples, key process parameters such as trapezoidal wire specification selection, compaction mold ratio, pitch-to-diameter ratio optimization (adjacent inner layer 23~30, outer layer 14~16), and wire drawing annealing (elongation 34%~37%) were detailed. Measured data show that the average DC resistance margins for the 300 mm2 and 400 mm2 hybrid structure conductors are 0.40% and 0.37%, respectively, with unit length mass reductions of 1.87% and 3.06% compared to traditional round wire conductors, matching the performance of fully trapezoidal copper conductors. The production of hybrid stranded copper conductors in 2024 resulted in a cumulative saving of 63.13 tons of copper. Compared to the full trapezoidal wire solution, trapezoidal wire specifications were reduced by 60%, enabling production with a 54-drum three-segment frame stranding machine and a 20% reduction in stranding mold change time. This hybrid stranding structure achieves high filling, low cost, and high efficiency engineering goals while ensuring DC resistance compliance with GB/T 3956 standards.

       

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