Abstract: With the widespread application of GB/T 31248—2014 in the fields of construction engineering and rail transportation, the number of cable combustion performance test apparatus specified in the standard has significantly increased. However, during the debugging and calibration process of the equipment, varying degrees of deviations often occur due to factors such as technical proficiency of operators, environmental conditions, and state of the equipment, which can directly affect the consistency and stability of test results. Therefore, debugging and calibration methods for the test apparatus were explored in order to eliminate or reduce deviations during the calibration process, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results. Debugging and calibration process of the test apparatus was comprehensively elaborated with particular focus on the calibration of heat release testing system, smoke measurement system and burner flame shape. Through the application of aforementioned calibration methods, measurement deviations of the test apparatus could be significantly reduced, and consistency and stability of test results could be markedly improved. This debugging and calibration methods could exhibit high practicality and operability, effectively reducing deviations during calibration process, and providing reliable technical support for combustion performance test, which could promote the standardized implementation of GB/T 31248—2014.