基于热平衡修正的线路金具磁损耗测量方法
A Measurement Method for Magnetic Loss of Transmission Line Fittings Based on Thermal-Equilibrium Correction
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摘要: 架空输电线路金具(悬垂线夹、耐张线夹等)中的铁磁部件在交变电流下会产生磁滞损耗与涡流损耗,是线路能耗中长期被低估的一类电能损耗源。然而,金具磁损量远小于导线本体I2R损耗,且测量过程受电流波动、导体温升及散热条件等多因素耦合影响,传统“带/不带金具”功率差法难以从中有效提取真实磁损。针对上述难点,文中结合钢芯铝绞线(ACSR)产品检测的工程实践,提出一种基于热平衡修正的金具磁损耗精细化测量方法:采用稳流平台保证带金具与不带金具两次测量电流的一致性;通过钢芯、铝线、护线条及表面四层温度的精细化测量确定载流层(铝线)温度;依据电阻温度系数将功率修正至同一参考温度,从导体本体损耗中分离出微小磁损。结合热-电耦合有限元仿真与IEC 61284: 1997试验验证,对预绞式悬垂线夹的“负损耗”表观现象给出机理性解释,即该现象源于护线条并联带来的直流电阻下降、等效扩径及辅助散热增强的综合效应,其节能收益超过金具自身微小磁损。结果表明,采用铝合金护线条的悬垂线夹不仅不会增加线路总损耗,反而可降低线路整体功耗,可为节能金具磁损评估与选型提供参考。Abstract: Ferromagnetic components of overhead line fittings (suspension clamps, tension clamps, etc.) generate hysteresis and eddy-current losses under alternating current, which represent a long-underestimated source of power loss in transmission lines. Such magnetic loss is far smaller than bulk I2R loss of conductors, and its measurement is coupled with current fluctuations, conductor temperature rise, and varying heat-dissipation conditions; consequently, conventional power-difference methods (with versus without fittings) cannot effectively isolate true magnetic loss. To address these difficulties, a refined measurement method for magnetic loss of line fittings based on thermal-equilibrium correction was proposed in this paper. A current-stabilized platform was employed to ensure current consistency between two measurements; current-carrying layer temperature was determined through four-layer temperature measurements on steel core, aluminum strands, armour rods, and conductor surface; and measured power was corrected to a common reference temperature according to resistance temperature coefficients, whereby small magnetic loss was separated from large conductor loss. The apparent “negative-loss” phenomenon observed for preformed suspension clamps was mechanistically explained by combining thermo-electric coupled finite-element simulation with tests conducted in accordance with IEC 61284:1997: it arises from parallel current paths of armour rods, which reduce DC resistance, enlarge equivalent diameter, and enhance auxiliary heat dissipation, so that energy-saving gains outweigh the fitting’s own small magnetic loss. Results indicated that suspension clamps with aluminum-alloy armour rods did not increase total line loss but rather reduced overall power consumption. The proposed method could be used as a reference for magnetic-loss evaluation and selection of energy-saving fittings.
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